Pressure Altitude Calculator
Calculate pressure altitude and density altitude from barometric pressure and temperature. Essential tool for pilots, aviation professionals, and aeronautical engineers to understand aircraft performance and flight envelope limitations.
Input Flight Parameters
Basic Parameters
Enter the measured barometric pressure in your preferred unit
Enter the ambient air temperature at the location
Output Unit Preference
No results yet. Please enter pressure and temperature values, then click Calculate.
About Pressure Altitude & Density Altitude
What is Pressure Altitude and Density Altitude?
Pressure altitude is the altitude reading that would be indicated on an altimeter set to standard sea level pressure (29.92 inHg or 1013.25 mb), regardless of actual barometric pressure at your location. Density altitude is the equivalent altitude where air density matches the density at your current location. Both are critical for aircraft performance calculations, flight safety assessment, and understanding aircraft operating limitations.
Why Pressure and Density Altitude Matter
Pilots and aeronautical engineers must understand both pressure and density altitudes because aircraft performance depends on air density, not geometric altitude. High density altitude can significantly reduce aircraft performance, increase takeoff distance requirements, reduce rate of climb, and affect aircraft handling characteristics. This calculation is essential for flight planning, weight and balance calculations, and ensuring safe flight operations at various altitudes and atmospheric conditions.
How to Use the Pressure Altitude Calculator
This calculator computes pressure altitude and density altitude from barometric pressure and temperature measurements. Follow these simple steps to determine the aeronautical values for your location.
Step-by-Step Instructions
- 1Enter the measured barometric pressure in your preferred unit (inHg, mb, hPa, or Pa)
- 2Enter the ambient air temperature in your preferred unit (Celsius, Fahrenheit, or Kelvin)
- 3Select whether you prefer results in feet or meters
- 4Click 'Calculate Altitude' to compute pressure altitude and density altitude
- 5Review the detailed results including correction factors and air density estimates
- 6Use the Copy, Share, Export, or Print functions to save or share your calculations
Applications of Pressure and Density Altitude Calculations
Pressure and density altitude calculations are essential in multiple aviation and engineering disciplines for safety and performance optimization.
Flight Planning & Crew Briefing
Pilots calculate pressure and density altitude to understand aircraft performance capabilities, determine safe takeoff distance, and plan fuel requirements for flights at different altitudes and atmospheric conditions.
Aircraft Performance Analysis
Aeronautical engineers and flight test engineers use these calculations to validate aircraft performance charts, predict aircraft behavior at various altitudes and temperatures, and determine aircraft operating limitations.
Runway Performance Assessment
Runway analysis for aircraft operations requires understanding density altitude to determine available takeoff and landing distances, especially critical for mountain airports and operations at high density altitudes.
Weight & Balance Calculations
Aircraft weight and balance computations depend on altitude values for accurate center of gravity determination and understanding aerodynamic effects on aircraft stability and control.
Aeronautical Forecasting
Aviation meteorologists and flight operations specialists forecast pressure and density altitude conditions to provide crews with altitude-related information for flight planning and operational decision-making.
Flight Simulation & Training
Flight training devices and simulators require accurate pressure and density altitude inputs to provide realistic aircraft performance modeling for pilot training and proficiency evaluation.
Pressure & Density Altitude Formulas
Pressure altitude is calculated using the barometric pressure differential from standard sea level pressure. Density altitude involves additional temperature corrections to account for air density variations.
PA = (1013.25 - P) × 88.6 (in feet) | DA = PA + (T - ISA_Temp) × 120
Formula Variables & Definitions
PA
Pressure Altitude - the altitude in feet (or meters) at which the barometric pressure equals the measured pressure in standard atmosphere
P
Measured Barometric Pressure in mb (millibars) or hPa. Standard sea level pressure is 1013.25 mb
DA
Density Altitude - the equivalent altitude at which the air density matches the current location's air density
T
Measured Ambient Temperature in Celsius at the location
ISA_Temp
International Standard Atmosphere temperature at the pressure altitude being calculated
Key Factors Affecting Altitude Calculations
Multiple atmospheric and environmental factors influence pressure altitude and density altitude values, affecting aircraft performance and flight operations.
Barometric Pressure Variations
Barometric pressure varies with weather systems, altitude, and geographic location. Lower pressure increases pressure altitude; higher pressure decreases it. This directly affects aircraft performance and altimeter readings.
Temperature Effects
Higher temperatures decrease air density, increasing density altitude significantly. Cold temperatures increase air density and reduce density altitude, improving aircraft performance. Temperature correction is critical for accurate performance prediction.
Humidity Influence
While humidity has minimal direct effect on density altitude calculations, it affects air density slightly. Drier air is slightly denser than saturated air, making humidity a minor corrective factor in precise calculations.
Altitude Effects on Pressure
Atmospheric pressure decreases approximately 1% per 100 meters of altitude gain. This logarithmic relationship affects pressure altitude calculations at mountain bases and high-altitude airfields.
Wind & Vertical Air Motion
While not affecting static pressure altitude calculations, vertical air movement affects actual aircraft performance. Updrafts improve climb performance while downdrafts degrade it.
Aircraft Type Sensitivity
Different aircraft types respond differently to density altitude. Lighter aircraft and those with high power-to-weight ratios are less affected by density altitude than heavier or underpowered aircraft.
Frequently Asked Questions About Pressure & Density Altitude
What is the difference between pressure altitude and density altitude?
Pressure altitude is the altitude at which standard atmospheric pressure equals measured pressure. Density altitude is the altitude at which air density equals current conditions. A location can have high pressure altitude but lower density altitude if temperature is cold, or vice versa if temperature is hot.
Why is density altitude more important than pressure altitude for aircraft performance?
Aircraft performance depends on air density, not geometric altitude. Engines produce less power in thin air, and aerodynamic forces are weaker. Density altitude directly represents the performance impact, making it more relevant for aircraft operations than pressure altitude alone.
How does high density altitude affect aircraft operations?
High density altitude increases takeoff distance requirements, reduces rate of climb, decreases available power, and can reduce aircraft controllability. On hot days at high elevations, density altitude can be 2000-3000 feet higher than actual elevation, severely degrading aircraft performance.
What is the relationship between temperature and density altitude?
Approximately each 1°C increase above standard atmosphere temperature increases density altitude by 120 feet (36 meters). On a hot day, this relationship can result in density altitudes 50% higher than actual elevation, dramatically affecting aircraft performance.
How do I obtain accurate barometric pressure for calculations?
Use a reliable aircraft altimeter set to current local barometric pressure, automated weather stations (AWOS), ATIS reports, or aviation weather data sources like Aviation Weather Center. Ensure pressure is in the correct format (inHg, mb, hPa, or Pa) when entering values.
Can density altitude exceed actual elevation?
Yes. On extremely hot days at high elevations, density altitude can exceed actual elevation by several thousand feet. This is why mountain airports and hot-weather operations require careful performance analysis before flight.
How do aviation standards define International Standard Atmosphere (ISA)?
ISA defines standard conditions as 15°C at sea level with pressure of 1013.25 mb. Temperature decreases 6.5°C per 1000 meters of altitude. This standard allows comparison of aircraft performance across different locations and conditions.